Ketamine

Chemical name

({+})-2-(2-Хлорфенил)-2-(мет иламино)циклогексано�� (as hydrochloride)

Gross

C13-H16-Cl-N-O

Characteristics

White or almost white crystalline powder with low characteristic smell. Easily soluble in water and alcohol, pH aqueous solutions fall.

Of drugs

The drugs-publeanestezirutee, analgezirutee, sleeping. Imagine a pile and podcorkove education cheeks (dissociatius anaesthesia). Easily passes gistogematicalkie barriers, including GEB. The liver demetiliruetsa, losing activity. Most of the biotransformation products available within 2 hours with urine, a small number of metabolites remain in the body a few days. Cumulation with multiple introduction reported. Narcotizirutego feature is the effect of speed, a small time, the persistence of the drug in phase self adequate ventilation of the lungs. It expressed analgesia. Poor skeletnuu relaxes muscles; Phase narcosis remain glotocny, guttural and kashleva though. Not stupid, and even stimulates the cardiovascular system. Malotoksicen. There has holino- and adrenoblokirutmi properties, as well as antigistaminna activity. The on / in a 0.5 mg / kg consciousness off in 1-2 min for 2 min, and analgesia develops within 10 minutes and lasts for 2-3 hours When the / m imposing effect occurs later, but is very long.

Indications

Induction anaesthesia, anaesthesia base for the short-term pain of operations and painful interventions tools (including dental, ophthalmic, otorinolaringologicaka, gynaecological and obstetric practices, and diagnostic procedures, endoscopy, O hearts, etc.), in carrying out emergency surgery in patients with traumatic shock and krovopoterei, pain in the transport of patients in the processing Burn surface.

Restrictions on the use of

Diseases of the kidneys, stenocardia, asthma heart failure, the operation of the larynx and throat.

Contraindications

Violation of cerebral circulation, arterial hypertension, eclampsia, eclampsia, alcoholism, epilepsy in children.

Side-Effects

The AD tachycardia, drowsiness, nausea, dizziness, oppression respiratory centre, muscle rigidity and increased muscle activity obturation upper respiratory tract diseases because chewing muscles and zapadenia language. During an escape from narcosis, hallucinations, agitation and disorientation long, psychosis. Pain and hyperemia's wrists at the introduction.

Patient interaction

Do effect inhalation anaesthesia funds. Deepens miorelaksaciu caused tubokurarinom and ditilinom does not change, and pankuroniem suktinilholinom. During narcosis in patients receiving iodized drugs and hormones the thyroid gland, it is likely development of hypertension and tachycardia (repaired бета-адреноблокатора��и). Droperidol and sibazon reduce the risk of psihotomimeticescoy and motor activity, as well as the emergence of tachycardia and arterial hypertension. Farmatsevticeski incompatible with barbituratami.

Dosing and Administration

In / in, adults, in the dose of 1-4 mg / kg, the child 0,5-4,5 mg / kg Initial dose for narkoznogo effect - 0,7-2 mg / kg, being slow in the 60s, the average dose of anesthesia for 10 minutes to 2 mg / kg, to reintroduce apply 1/2-1/3 initial dose or use drip a 0.1% solution (in physiological solution, or solution of glucose), with a speed of 20 to 60 drops per minute. weakened sick, the elderly and the sick to be treated for shock on a dose of 0.5 mg / kg, the total input dose for adults is 2-6 mg / kg / C.v / m 6,5-13 dose mg / kg (for children 2 to 5 mg / kg) was anaesthesia for 12-25 min.

Directory → Neurotropic funds → Anaesthetic means → Ketamine