Caffeine

Chemical name

1,3,7-trimetilxantin (in the form of sodium benzoate)

Gross

C8-H10-N4-O2

Characteristics

D. contained in the tea leaves (about 2%), coffee seeds (1-2%), cola nuts. White silky needle crystals or white crystalline powder gorkovatogo taste, odourless. Slowly soluble in water, easy, in the hot, it is difficult to alcohol. Solutions are neutral reaction.

Of drugs

The drugs-psihostimulirutee, analepticescoe, cardiotonicescoe. Provides direct stimulating effect on the central nervous system : regulates and more of this kind in the cortex, and dahatelnom sossoudodwigatelnom centre activates positive conditional reflexes and motor activity. Stimulates mental activity, improve mental and physical fitness, shorter reaction time. After receiving a warm temporarily eliminated or reduced fatigue and sleepiness. It is encouraging and deepening breath, especially against the backdrop of oppression breathing centre. Affects cardiovascular system : more force and HR (especially in large doses), AD increases with hypotension (not alter normal). Increase bronchi jelchne ways blood vessels in skeletal muscle, heart, kidney, big-abdominal (especially when dilatation). Agregatia lowers platelets. And moderate dioreticski effect, mainly as a result of lower reabsorbtion electrolytes in renal bone. It stimulates the secretion of gastric glands. Increases the exchange increases glikogenoliz causing гипергликемию.Блокир��ет central and peripheral adenozinove receptors. Has accumulation Zamf and Atmf by braking fosfodiesterz activity involved in their manufacture. More ingibiruet fosfodiesterzu Zamf (not only in the central nervous system, but also in the heart, gladkomyshechnykh bodies adipose tissue, skeletal muscles). 4-3 transfer dofaminergicakih neurotransmission (psihostimulirute properties), beta-adrainergicakih neurotransmission hypothalamus and brain oblong (increased muscle sossoudodwigatelnogo Centre), holinergicakih neurotransmission crust (cortical activation functions) and oblong brain (initiation respiratory centre), noradrainergicakih neurotransmission (Increased physical activity, anorexia). Caffeine and its water-soluble salts are imbibed in the gut (including colon). T_1/2 is about 5 hrs, some people, up to 10 hours Most demetiliruetsa and oxidized. About 10% of allocated memory in an unmodified form. Inside the newborn infants and infants (1.5 to 2 months) netted slower (T_1/2, from 80 to 26.3 hours, соответственно).Влиян ие to the top edge will to a large extent depends on the dose and type of the nervous system patient. In small doses over the incentive effect, in large-OVD. The elderly effect on the sleep was more : his attack slowed, reducing the total time of sleep, increased frequency probujdeni (possibly due to the rapid metabolism of catecholamines in the central nervous system). The premature babies in dealing with the periodic breathing caffeine reduces the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, the concentration of H ^ + blood and at the same time increasing the amount of ventilation, without changing curves.

Indications

Sexually violent oppression CNS, the cardiovascular and respiratory systems (poisoning drugs, infectious diseases, etc.), cramps cerebrovascular, declining mental and physical performance, drowsiness, enourez children, human respiration (periodic breath idiopaticescoe patients) in newborns (including weight).

Contraindications

Its arterial hypertension, organic diseases of the circulatory system (including man), anxiety, glaucoma, sleep disturbance, aged age.

Side-Effects

Anxiety, agitation insomnia, tachycardia, arrhythmia, the AD, nausea, vomiting. With long-term use may lack habit (reduction of caffeine associated with the formation of brain cells new adenozinovykh receptors). The sudden cessation of caffeine can lead to increased braking CNS events fatigue, sleepiness and depression.

Patient interaction

Reduces effect pills and drugs increases (improving bioavailability), acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, etc. nenarcoticakih analgesics. Improves skin ergotamine in the digestive tract.

Overdosing

The drug caffeine (more than 300 mg a day, four cups of coffee natural 150 ml) can cause anxiety, anxiety, tremor, headache, sputannosti consciousness ekstrasistolia heart. The infants (including premature), with the concentration in the blood plasma of 50 mg / ml possible toxic effects : the concern tahipnoe, tachycardia, tremor, the Moro reflex, in higher concentrations, convulsions.

Dosing and Administration

Inside (regardless of the meal). Adults on 0.05-0.1 g per reception 2-3 times a day (less than or equal to 1 g / day) for children over the age of two years in the 0,03-0,075 g per reception; With migraines (often in combination with nenarcoticakimi analgetikami and alkaloids LPV) for the 1-2 table. during the attack of pain, and then on one table. 2-3 times a day for several days (up to 1 month). As a kofein-benzoata sodium introduces p / to : adults, and 1 ml of 10% or 20% solution children to 0,25-1 ml 10% solution. To address patients from newborn entering through the mouth or in / on (in the form of kofein-zitrata), a kofeina-osnovania concentration in plasma from 3 to 10 mg / J

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