Diphenhydramine

Chemical name

2-(Дифенилметокси)-N,N-д��метилэтанамин (and as hydrochloride)

Gross

C17-H21-N-O

Characteristics

White powder melkochristalliceski bitter taste. Gigroskopichen. Easily soluble in water, is easy, in alcohol.

Of drugs

The drugs-antigistaminnoe, protiwallergicescoe, holinoliticescoe, protivorvotnoe, sedative, sleeping, местноанестезирующее . Does gistaminove H_1-retseptora and eliminates the effects gistamina, oposreduyemye through this type receptors. Decreases or warned about gistaminom cramps smooth muscles, increased capillary permeability, tissue swelling, itching and hyperemia. The antagonism with gistaminom being higher in the local vascular reactions in the nerve and allergies, as compared to the environment, that is, AD down. The local anaesthesia (with ingestion there is a short feeling numb mucous membranes of the oral cavity), is the skin, blocking holinoretseptora vegetative gangliev (lowers AD). Does H_3-gistaminove brain receptors and oppressing holinergicakie central structure. Has sedative, sleeping (more pronounced in case of repetitive receptions) and protivorvotnoe effect. In a Injecting patients with a deficit BCC has hypotension. In patients with localized brain damage or epilepsy activates (even in low doses) apnoea level of EEG, and can cause epileptic seizures. More efficient at bronhospazme caused by liberatorami gistamina (tubokurarin, morphine, sombrevin) and to a lesser extent, with allergicescom bronhospazme. In bronchial asthma maloakteven and is used in combination with theofillinom, ephedrine, etc. Bronholitikami.v experimental studies have been detected impact on fertility and tertogennogo Actia.pri ingestion rapidly and well absorbed. Associated with the plasma protein to 98-99%. C_max plasma achieved through 1-4 h after administration of the interior. Most metabolised in the liver, lower-output unchanged to the urine in 24 hours T_1/2 is 1-4 hours It is distributed in the body passes through the GEB. Excreted with the milk and can cause sedative effects in infants. Maximum activity develops after one hour, the duration of action, from 4 to 6 pm

Indications

Urticaria, pollinoz, vazomotornyi rhinitis, zudaschie Medicine, acute iridotsyklit, allergic conjunctivitis, swelling angioneuroticeski, kapilliarotoxicos, savorotocnaya disease allergic complications of drug therapy, blood transfusions and blood liquids; Integrated therapy anaphylacticski shock syndrome disease, asthma, ulcers and stomach giperatidnyi gastritis; Colds diseases, disorders of sleep, premedikation, Extensive damage skin and soft tissues (scorch razmozjenia); parkinsonism, trochaic, sea and air sickness, vomiting, incl. in pregnancy, Ménière syndrome; local anaesthesia in patients with allergic reactions to drugs mestnoanestezirute in history.

Restrictions on the use of

Zakratougolnaya glaucoma, Denmark prostate cancer, ulcers stenozirutaya stomach and duodenal ulcers, piloroduodenalnaya obstruction, stenoses neck bladder pregnancy.

Pregnancy and lactation

With caution, under strict control doctor during pregnancy. At the time of treatment should stop breastfeeding.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, breastfeeding, child age (after birth and the prematurity).

Side-Effects

From the nervous system and sensory organs : general weakness, fatigue, sedative effect on the decline, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, the coordination of movements, anxiety, anxiety (especially in children), irritability, nervousness, insomnia, euphoria sputannosti consciousness, tremor, rapid, convulsions, paresthesia; Impaired vision, diplopia, acute labirintit, noise Ushah.so the circulatory system and blood : gipotenzia, palpitations, tachycardia, arrythmia; agranulozitos, thrombocytopenia, haemolytic Anemia.so part of the intestine : dry mouth, swelling of mucous membrane of the mouth, anorexia, nausea, epigastralny distress, vomiting, diarrhoea, Zapor.so the urogenital system : frequent and / or difficulty urinating, the delay mocheotdelenia, early Menstruation.so the respiratory system : dry nose and throat, zalojennosti nose, flow secret bronchi, tightening in the chest and heavy �ыхание.Аллергические �ection : rash, urticaria, anaphylactic Shok.prochie : sweating, vomiting, photosensitization.

Patient interaction

Hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers and alcohol increase (each) oppression CNS. MAO inhibitors enhance and prolong holinoliticaskie effects.

Overdosing

Symptoms : dry mouth, difficulty breathing, persistent midriaz, reddening of oppression or a (more children) CNS, sputannosti consciousness; Children Development convulsing and death Ishod.lechenie : induction vomiting, stomach wash, the appointment of activated carbon; Symptomatic and supportive therapy in the face of scrutiny of breath, and the AD.

Precautions

Not recommended for p / to the introduction (irritating effect). To use caution in patients with gipertireozom, vnutriglaznam high pressure, cardiovascular disease, in old age. It should not be used in conjunction with the drivers of vehicles and people skills relate to the high concentration of attention. During treatment should avoid alcohol.

Dosing and Administration

Inside, in / m, / in, intranasal, rektalno. Inside adult-30-50 mg 1-3 times a day, for the prevention of motion sickness, for 30-60 minutes before the trip. When insomnia, 50 mg at night. The maximum single dose of 100 mg daily, 250 mg. B / m 10-50 mg, the maximum single dose of 50 mg daily, 150 mg, in / in-drip 20-50 mg (75-100 ml izotoniceski solution of sodium chloride). Children under 1 year of the interior, in the dose of 2-5 mg, 2-5 years, 5-15 mg, 6-12 years, 15-30 mg per reception. Suppositories rektalno 1-2 times a day (after getting ulcers). Children under the age of 3-tubes containing 5 mg Diphenhydramine, from 3 to 4 years, 10 mg, 5 to 7 years, 15 mg, 8-14 years, 20 mg. The course of treatment is 10 to 15 days. For putting in the bag kongungualny are 0.2-0.5% solutions (to a 2% solution of boric acid) and instilliruut by 1-2 drops 2-5 times a day. To local application on the skin to manufacture and use of 3-10% creams or ointments. In rinitah-route, in the form of sticks, 50 mg.

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