Retinol

Chemical name

транс-9,13-Диметил-7-(1,1,5- триметилциклогексен-5 -ил-6)-нонатетраен-7,9,11,1 3-ол (as palmitate or acetate)

Gross

C20-H30-O

Characteristics

White or bledno-jeltae crystals with weak smell. Virtually nerastvorim in water, soluble in alcohol, oils and fats. Decomposes under the influence of oxygen, air and light.

Of drugs

Drugs, the lack of complementary vitamin A. With a large number of unsaturated links activates окислительно-восстан��вительные processes stimulates synthesis purinovykh pirimidinovykh and grounds, has been involved in energy metabolism, creating favourable conditions for the synthesis of Atf.vsasavetsa in blood after emulsification jelcnami acids. Replies in mikroworsinki bowel retinol is esterification. The resulting retinilpalmitat joins specific lipoproteidam will seep into the lymph and the hilomikronov enters the liver, where red zvezdchatami retikuloendoteliotitami and then gepatocitami where hilomikrona split, freeing retinilpalmitat, retinol, retinal and ash from the retinoevu acid. Retinol binds to a specific protein, is the blood that connects to albuminami and transported to the various authorities. Distributed in the body unevenly : the largest number is in the liver and normal, less in the kidneys, heart, skin depot, lungs, lactoiruta breast, in napochechnikah etc. glands Endocrine. Prioritized form of a deposit retinolpalmitat, stocks are slowly but continuously updated. The tissues retinol localized predominantly in mikrosomalna factions muthondriah, lizosomah, in the membranes of cells and organell. Retinol, retinal, retinoower acid are gepatocitami of bile, retinoilglukuronid out with the urine. Eliminations retinol implementation has been slow, and repeated tricks are cumulation and undesirable phenomena remain Dolgo.povshaet fusion protein in cartilage and bone that the growth of bones and cartilage in length. Does epitelizatia and prevents excess orogovenie membrane (giperkeratos). Increases number in mitozov epithelium cells prevents the accumulation of kertogialina contributes to the synthesis of RNA and sulfatirovannah mucopolysaccharides, which play an important role in cell permeability, sub especially lysosomal membranes. Thanks to solid, built in lipidnuu phase membranes has modifitsirutee effect on the membrane lipids, controls the speed of chain reactions of the lipid phase and supports antiokislitionay potential of various tissues at a constant level. Regulates biosynthesis glikoproteidov surface membranes of cells that determine the level of cellular differentiation. Besides the normal function One flat rejection performing barjornuu role increases body resistance to infection. Do education antibodies and activate phagocytosis. Affects fotoretseptia by participating in the construction of the visual purpura. Simulated synthesis of hormones napochechnikov crust. Liberatiou stops tiroksina. Provides normal activities and sebaceous glands port.

Indications

Gipovitaminoz and avitaminosis A, infectious diseases (measles, dysentery, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia), skin (burns, frostbite, wounds, tuberculosis skin ALVIMARINE, ihtios, psoriasis, piodermia, some forms exem and other inflammatory and degenerative pathological processes), eye disease (retinitis pigmentosa, gemeralopia, xeroftalmia, keratomalacia, ackzematosnye defeat century kongunguita), rickets, malnutrition, acute respiratory infections, chronic bronchopulmonary disease erosivno-azwenne and inflammatory defeat stomach, cirrhosis, epiteliale tumours and leukaemia (to enhance the sustainability blood tissue to act drugs), mastopatia.

Restrictions on the use of

The acute and chronic cases, cardiac decompensation activities.

Contraindications

Jelchnokamennaya disease, chronic pancreatitis, pregnancy (I term).

Side-Effects

Headache pain, weakness, nausea, vomiting, fever, drowsiness, peeling skin, gait disorders, pain in the bones of the lower limbs, gipervitaminoz A. Children can raise the temperature, drowsiness, sweating, vomiting, skin rashes, pressure increase spinal fluid (in infants can develop hydrocephalus, and thus rodnicka). When the / m Russia can local pain and education infiltrates.

Specific guidance

Teratogenic effect of high doses of retinol does not end with the end of the reception, so plan their pregnancies in the application of the drug is recommended only six months.

Patient interaction

The effect increases tokoferol and its products. Decreases (mutually) risk gipervitaminoza D. Suction retinol violate nitrite, holestiramin.

Overdosing

In acute gipervitaminose-severe headache, dizziness, drowsiness, sputannosti consciousness, vision, convulsions, uncontrollable vomiting, diarrhea profuzny, heavy dehydration; On the second day of a widespread outbreak followed krupnoplastinchatam schelusheniem, starting with the person; Immune long tubular bones sharply as a result of painful podnadkostnichnykh haemorrhages, changes in bone and soft tissues. Children acute gipervitaminoz a concern emotion, sleep in the first days, sometimes you fall, a rise in temperature to 39 ^ C, vomiting, produce large rodnicka, signs Udushya.lechenie : symptomatic; As antagonist tiroksin designate, as well as ascorbic acid.

Dosing and Administration

Inside, in / m naruzhno. Therapeutic doses avitaminozah in light-to-medium : adult-to 33,000 IU per day, and night, xeroftalmii, pigmentne retinite - 50000-100000 IU per day. Children - 1,000 IU a day, depending on age. The skin disease : adult-50000-100000 IU per day, children 5000-10000-20000 IU per day. Oil solutions can also be applied to naruzhno burns, ulcers, othmorojeniah blurring 5-6 times a day, pushing marleva bandage; Retinol at the same time appoint inside or / m.

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