Minoxidil

Chemical name

6-(1-Пиперидинил)-2,4-пир��мидиндиамин-3-оксид

Gross

C9-H15-N5-O

Characteristics

White or almost white crystalline powder odourless. Easily soluble in propilenglikole, methanol, ethanol, propanole, demetilsulfoxide, soluble in water, virtually nerastvorim in acetone, chloroform and etilazette.

Of drugs

The drugs-gipotenzivne, sossoudorasshiratee, stimulating hair growth. Activates (a) potassium channels in the membranes of cells gladkomyshechnykh vascular wall. Provides force on vazodilatirtee act expands resistive pressure (arteriola) reduces Sad and Dad, reduces strain on miocard is reflecting tachycardia and increased heart release. Increases active plasma renin blood and helps delay sodium and Voda.stimuliruet hair growth in androgenzawisimom oblasenia. The increased hair growth is linked to vazodilataciei and improve circulation in the skin and hair trophic bulbs stimulation of hair follicles from the rest phase (telogen phase) in the phase of growth (anagen phase). Modulating effect androgenov the correct bags. Provides education 5-альфа-дегидростерон�� (perhaps indirectly), which plays a significant role in shaping treated. The best effect is in the length of no more than 10 years younger patients localization lysin in the crown, not larger than 10 cm and a central lysin more than 100 pushkovh and terminal hair. It prevents hair loss caused by drugs, a violation of Nutrition (lack of iron, vitamin A, etc.), ening pricescami ( "tail", "bundle" and the like). Positive effect was observed for a large part of patients with the duration of no more than 3-5 Let.rost hair usually begins in four months daily use of the local solution. After the therapy growth of new hair terminated, and in 3-4 months to restore zalasin the past Mestah.v pilot tests had revealed mutagennogo action. There is a cancer-causing in rats and rabbits in the local application for a period of one year. There dozozawisimoe reduced capacity to insemination of female and male rats receiving inside dose of 1-5 times MRDC. In oral introduction rats and krolikam tertogennogo is not identified, but showed an increase in the probability of embryonic rezorbtion in rabbits (but not in rats), with the dose 5 times higher than Mrdc.posle intake of rats 90% of the dose. C_max achieved within 1 h. There is not associated with plasma proteins. Penetrates into breast milk. Treated biotransformation in the liver with the formation of low metabolites. T_1/2 of plasma is 4.2 hours Report mostly kidneys (10% in unaltered). The local application through the intact skin absorbed about 1.4% of the preparation. Upon termination of the local 95% exposed systemic absorption minoksidila displayed kidneys for 4 days.

Indications

Answers : arterial hypertension (especially severe disease, resistant to combination therapy hypotensive other means). Solution external : Comment on male type (androgennaya alopecia) in men and women.

Restrictions on the use of

IBS, stenocardia, heart failure, the age to 12 years (experience of the limited).

Pregnancy and lactation

Contraindicated in pregnancy (adequate and well-controlled studies in humans should be held). At the time of treatment should stop breastfeeding.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, breast-feeding; Feohromotsytoma, mitralny stenoses, secondary pulmonary hypertension (pills); Violation of the integrity of skin, nails dermatos part of the head (external solution).

Side-Effects

From the nervous system and sensory organs : dizziness, headache, visual impairment (including eye). From the circulatory system and blood (blood, gemostaz) : Reduce AD tachycardia, incredible, heart failure, inversion zubza T on ECG; In rare cases, gidrotoraks, gidropericard (in patients with heart failure), Drinking (in patients with coronary insufficiency), ekssoudativei pericardit, trombopenia, Lakopenia.so the Skin : gipertrihoz, depletion and increased pigmentation of hair on the body; of a local application, drying and peeling skin head, dermatitis (skin, skin rashes), eczema, strengthening alopetion, stinging feeling skin head folliculitis (sensitivity or pain from the hair roots), Eritemaallergicakie reactions : skin rashes, swelling of rhinitis, Krapiwnica.prochie : delay sodium and water in the body, oedema, dyspnoea, sinkope, demotion drive.

Specific guidance

In arterial hypertension usually appoint, in conjunction with бета-адреноблокатора��и and dioretikami.

Patient interaction

Nitrates dioretiki, beta-adrenoblokatora increase gipotenzivny effect; Estrogena, oral contraceptives, simpatomimetiki, NPVS-weakened. There should be appointed at the same time as guanetidine (risk Orthostatic hypotension).

Overdosing

Symptoms : excessive vazodilatation expressed gipotenzia, pain in the chest, tachycardia, or irregular, rapid (stiffness or shaky hands, feet, head), the non-sodium and Voda.lechenie : symptomatic and supportive therapy, which is a physiological solution (in / in), and hypotension - fenilafrin, angiotenzin II vazopressin, dofamin (should not be used simpatomimetiki, including norapinefrin and epinephrine). Minoksidil and its metabolites removed haemodialysis.

Precautions

Avoid getting the solution in Glaza.bezopasnosti and effectiveness of the solution in patients under the age of 18 and after 65 years defined.

Dosing and Administration

Inside : adults and children over 12 years of age, the initial dose of 5 mg / day in 2 admission, as appropriate dose gradually increased every 2-3 days. Average supporting dose 10-40 mg / day, the maximum dose of 100 mg / day (one or more receptions). Children under the age of 12 on one occasion, the initial dose-at the rate of 0.2 mg / kg / day, Bessel therapist - 0.2 mg / kg / day, the maximum is 50 mg / kg / sut. In renal failure dose needed Umenishiti.naruzhno : at the dry skin nails of the head are 1 ml (20-50 mg minoksidila) two times a day and gently scrub from the infected zone.

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