Antiseptics and disinfectants

The group

Wood used for the treatment of infected wounds in defeat microorganisms skin and mucous membranes, etc. They differ from the so-called disinfectors purely formal : the first is used for the anti-microbial treatment of the human body, or cavities, second to the surroundings or discharge the patient. Both have a broad spectrum of activities and active against bacteria resistant, simple mushrooms. Mechanism of action of different drugs and can be linked to denaturaciei protein violation plazmaticescoy permeability membrane, Electric important for the livelihoods of microorganisms enzymes (more common in low concentrations antiseptics).
Halogenated wood products are chlorine and iodine. Their activity is proportional to the basic rift halos. External for the treatment of skin diseases widely used solution of iodine alcohol solution Lughola (elementary contain iodine) and yodoform, efficient, etc. (otscheplaut molecular iodine). Elemental iodine is the antimicrpobial and his solutions treat the wounds, the transaction, etc.; in the air on the skin, mucous membranes, they cause irritation, including receptors skin and mucous membranes, and may have eucalyptus influence on the organism.
As antiseptics used substances from the group of oxidants, which are : hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, etc. They have weak antiseptic and dezodorirutm effects associated with the release of oxygen.
A large number of antiseptics The compounds (salts), metals (drugs bismuth, zinc, lead). In low concentrations will block sulfgidrile group microbial enzymes (dihydrochloridum effect), and the higher-protein denaturiraut education albuminatov, with the result that on the surface of the fabric is formed film packed tissue inflammation decreases (binder effect).
The antiseptic tools are also acid and alkali (salicylic and boric acid, sodium tetraborat, benzoilperoxid), aldehydes (zidipol, etc.) alcohols (ethyl alcohol), phenols (rezorcin), dyes (methylene blue, green diamond), anionic (soap) and cationic detergents, products of vegetable origin (flower buds, chamomile), etc.
The chemicals used to disinfect relate to the following groups : 1) chlorine and chlorinated compounds; 2) iodine, bromine and their compounds; 3) perekisnye compounds; 4) SAC; 5) aldehydes; 6) acid nadkislota and some salt; 7) alcohols; 8) phenols, cresols and their derivatives, etc.
These substances are of a different degree of activity, different spectra of antimicrobial action, toxicity and impact on the processed objects, and so on, and the resulting wide scope. Knowledge of the properties and characteristics of disinfectants needed to be able to choose the correct and effective implementation in line with the established target.
Traditional means of disinfection are hloraktivee organic products (hloramin, hlorproizvodona zianurova acid and gidantoina) and inorganic (hypochlorites) Nature. Many hloraktivee drugs along with the merits of a number of deficiencies (low solubility, low stability, a sharp smell, irritate the mucous membranes of eyes and the upper respiratory tract, can cause corrosion of metal surfaces and destroy obestsveciwati fabrics). Of inorganic chlorine extremely low stability is sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Enhance the stability of its solutions is the addition of sodium silicate and sulfonola, sodium silicate and acetic acid or salts, citral and other substances. A number of foreign companies that solid forms of sodium hypochlorite, the most stable of which is pentahydrate sodium hypochlorite.
Another high desinfitsirutaya active chlorine. On the basis of a special product, which is a binary mixture of sodium chlorite and acid. Unlike hypochlorite chlorites alkali metals, the property oxidation only in the acid environment, the result is a release of chlorine, with microbicides and sporatidian action.
The organic compounds of chlorine used for disinfection are hloramin, hlorproizvodona zianurovykh acids and gidantoina. These substances have a high antibacterial activity, and a number of other positive qualities, but poorly soluble in water. To use disinfection, as a rule, their compositions - hloration, JP-2, sulfohlorantin. Hlorcin (includes hlorizozianurat potassium or sodium) is a relatively small amount (12-15%) of active chlorine, that can be fitted not only in the �ечебно-профилактичес ких , but also at home. Hlorcin has activity against gramotricationah and grampolaugitionah microorganisms dermophytes M. tuberculosis, viruses dispute. JP-2 (base-trihlorizozianurova acid) is not only bakteritidom but sporozidom includes active chlorine to 45%. A positive feature compositions-preservation activity in a wide range of pH, which makes it possible to use them in different natural alkalinity of water.
The most famous hlorproizvodnam is gidantoina дихлорметилгидантоин . The compositions on the basis of дихлорметилгидантоин а sulfohlorantin is. Through the introduction of the drug solubility sulfonola дихлорметилгидантоин а raised to 2,5-2,9%. Bactericidal effect extends to the gram, as well as gram-negative microorganisms.
Of iodine to disinfect the most widely used yodofora (C-280, veladin, iozan, superdeep, dayazan, etc.) is a complex disorder and the media, which is a compound vsokomolekulyarnoe and surfactant. Expressed bactericidal, tuberkulozidne, fungicidal, virulotsydnoe, sporotsydnoe the yodoforov makes use of these substances mainly as antiseptics and very limited for the disinfection facilities. Of yodoforov known yodopiron and yodonat, holders of iodine are respectively polivinilpirrolidon and sulfont, yodovidon (containing 1% of the active iodine). For decontamination by medical personnel on the basis of a yodovidona compositions with sulfonolom and neonolom.
Widely used for disinfection and sterilization predsterilizatini decontamination of hydrogen peroxide. It responds to the many demands : not replaced quickly degrades in the environment on non-toxic products (molecular oxygen and water) it is allergization but malostabilna has expressed mestnorazdrajatee and kozhno-rezorbtivoe Effects low (compared with other disinfectants) bactericidal activity. In order to reduce the toxicity of anti-microbial activity and stability on the basis of hydrogen peroxide formed composite products. The most convenient for practical use solid form peroxide compounds (peroksicarbonat sodium-persol, peroksigidrat urea-gidroperit, peroksoborat sodium). Compositions on the basis of hydrogen peroxide in solid and liquid form are widely recognized (eg apisin) due to the high efficiency, broad-spectrum, low toxicity, environmental safety and ease of use.
High microbial activity and a wide range of antimicrobial drugs differ from the group nadkislot. Based on peracetic acid known vofasteril and persteril (the active ingredient in 40% and 20%, respectively). These products are recommended for disinfecting medical products made of glass, metal, textiles, rubber, sanitary and surgical treatment of hands.
Recently anniversary widespread disinfectants from the SAC. The ability ionizirovtsa in aqueous solutions of their share of cationic, anionic, and amfolitona neionoguenne SAC. As an independent disinfectants used only cationic and amfolitona SAC (eg amfolan). Amfolitona SAS have several advantages over cationic, low they were acting on bacteria, fungi and some viruses, had no activity in the presence of fat and protein, not corrosiruut metals. SAC all other groups use as useful additives in the composite disinfectants.
The group guanidinov most prevalent as wood and received desinfectanta хлоргексидинбиглюкон ат (gibitan) and lactazid (polisept). Gibitan has a wide spectrum antibacterial action but virilicidnaya activity unique to the alcoholic solutions. Metazid cause grampolaugitionah and gramotricationah microorganisms, many dermatomycosis. Good quality it is a lasting effect.
Of the aldehydes in the practice of disinfecting two substances (formaldehyde (phthalic anhydride) and glutarovy aldehyde (GA). The aldehydes are bactericidal, virulicidne, fungicidal and sporotsydnoe act allows the them to desinfectantham high level.
As disinfectants (and antiseptics) are used alcohols. They are used, as well as solvents, increased activity other disinfectants. Alcohols have bactericidal and virulicidnam properties. To disinfect the most widely used ethyl and isopropyl alcohol in a concentration of 60 to 90% (by volume).

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Antiseptics and disinfectants

The group

Drugs